P - Patient or Population or Problem
I - Intervention or prognostic factor of interest
C - Comparison to intervention
O - Outcome of interest
T - Time (sometimes included)
For more information about forming and using a PICO question to search, please see the American Journal of Nursing article below.
Learn more about EBP and building EBP skills. Click on the title to view the journal article.
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CINAHL Complete provides easy access to 1,400 top nursing and allied health journals with full text dating back to 1937 and information for more than 50 nursing specialties, including speech language pathology, nutrition, general health and medicine, along with evidence-based care sheets, research instruments and quick lessons. In addition, this database offers access to health care books, nursing dissertations, selected conference proceedings, standards of practice, educational software, audiovisuals and book chapters.
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MEDLINE provides authoritative medical information on medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care system, pre-clinical sciences, and much more. Created by the National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE uses MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) indexing to search citations from over 5,400 current biomedical journals.
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The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) is the leading source of peer-reviewed systematic reviews in healthcare. Each Cochrane Review is a systematic review that has been prepared and supervised by a Cochrane Review Group (editorial team). It attempts to identify, appraise and synthesize all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria to answer a specific research question. Researchers conducting systematic reviews use explicit, systematic methods that are selected with a view aimed at minimizing bias, to produce more reliable findings to inform decision-making. This database is updated quarterly.